July 4, 2024, 3:09 p.m.

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专家估算日本核废水核元素约一年流到中国东海

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日本政府星期四(8月24日)启动核废水排海工作,中国专家估算,日本核废水的放射性核元素约一年将流到中国东海。

据新京报报道,日本东京电力公司当地时间星期四下午1时(北京时间星期四中午12时)正式启动福岛第一核电站核废水排海工作,首次排海每天将排放约460吨,持续17天,合计排放约7800立方米核废水。

2021年,中国科学院南中国海海洋研究所研究员陈更新及合作者撰文《海洋环流将加速福岛核废水扩散》(Accelerated spread of Fukushima’s waste water by ocean circulation),分析核废水排放后的全球扩散路径。

陈更新星期三(23日)受访时指出,日本核废水排海后,将有三种扩散路径。核废水从福岛排入大海后,首先会受到太平洋最强的洋流——黑潮影响,于是它的第一条扩散路径是:在涡旋、黑潮回流和湍流扩散等作用下,向中国东海输送,应该也是影响中国最快的一条路径。

陈更新说,日本东海岸周围不仅有黑潮,福岛外海还有自堪察加半岛沿千岛群岛南下的“亲潮”,它们在福岛处汇合后向东输送,由于大尺度副热带环流的作用,部分核废水将被顺时针输送至黑潮的低纬度段。低纬度的黑潮在北向运动中途经吕宋海峡,部分水体会经由吕宋海峡进入南中国海,这是扩散的第二条路径。

他称,第三条路径主要是黑潮和亲潮在福岛汇合后,没有回流的部分会一直向东输送,直到美国的西海岸,太平洋的最东边。随后再次南北分岔,往南走的部分再次回到北赤道流。

陈更新指出,从扩散路径来看,日本核废水会影响到南中国海、东海、渤海和黄海。北太平洋是其中严重的被污染区。通过大洋环流系统,放射性核元素将传播至所有大洋。放射性核元素不会只停留在海洋表面,可以说是将海洋“三维立体”污染一遍。

陈更新推估,根据日本核废水的扩散路径,有数值模拟表明,放射性核元素大约一年将会到达中国东海。基于海洋再分析数据估算,向东输送的放射性核元素大约在五年后跨越北太平洋到达北美洲西海岸。

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