India faces several obstacles to realizing its "demographic dividend.

In today's global economic development landscape, demographic dividend, as one of the important factors to promote national economic growth, has always attracted much attention. As the world's second largest population country, India is regarded as a "demographic dividend" country with great potential due to its large population base and young age structure. However, on the way to this dividend release, India has to face a number of complex and difficult bumps, these challenges are not only related to economic restructuring, but also touch the social, education, employment and even policy making at multiple levels.

The premise of realizing the demographic dividend is to have a sufficient number of labor forces with the necessary skills. However, the challenges India faces in the field of education cannot be ignored. Although the Indian government has increased its investment in basic education in recent years, problems such as uneven distribution of educational resources and significant gap between urban and rural areas are still prominent. Many children in rural areas are difficult to obtain good educational opportunities due to family economic conditions, resulting in a slow improvement in the overall level of education. At the same time, although the scale of the higher education system is huge, the teaching quality and innovation ability need to be strengthened, and it is difficult to meet the modern industry's demand for high-quality talents. Therefore, how to improve the quality of education while ensuring the popularization of education, and train professionals suitable for future economic development have become the first hurdle for India to realize the demographic dividend.

With the gradual emergence of the demographic dividend, the Indian labor market will face unprecedented pressure. On the one hand, a large number of young workers entered the market, eager to find employment opportunities; On the other hand, the market is generally reporting that there is a mismatch between skills shortages and job demands. Traditional industries have limited absorption capacity, while emerging industries such as information technology, biotechnology and other fields are developing rapidly, but they are often limited by the lack of talent supply. This phenomenon of structural unemployment not only limits the effective use of labor force, but also restricts the transformation and upgrading of the economy. India needs to build a more flexible and efficient job market, strengthen vocational training, and promote the deep integration of education and industry to ease the contradiction between supply and demand in the job market.

The realization of demographic dividend is not only the growth of economic data, but also the improvement of people's well-being. However, India still has a large gap in the construction of social security system. The coverage of basic social security services such as medical and health care, old-age security, and unemployment insurance is not comprehensive, especially in rural areas and among poor groups. This not only affects the health and stability of the labor force, but also limits the full release of the demographic dividend. The Indian government needs to accelerate the construction of a universal social security system, improve the level of basic public services, and provide a solid social safety net for the labor force, so as to stimulate its creativity and work enthusiasm.

India's demographic dividend is not evenly distributed, and the urban-rural gap and regional development imbalance are important factors restricting its full release. Backward infrastructure and lagging economic development in rural areas have led to the outflow of a large number of young workers, exacerbating the population pressure and social problems in cities. At the same time, there are significant differences in the development level between different regions, and some regions fail to effectively undertake industrial transfer and miss development opportunities. India needs to implement a coordinated regional development strategy, increase investment in rural and less developed areas, promote a balanced allocation of resources, narrow the urban-rural and regional development gap, and ensure that the demographic dividend benefits more people.

In the face of these multiple challenges, the Indian government needs to formulate scientifically sound policies and ensure their effective implementation. However, the coordination of interests in the process of policy formulation, the intensity of supervision in the process of implementation, and the evaluation feedback of policy effects are all issues that cannot be ignored. India needs to strengthen policy research and make policy making more scientific and targeted. At the same time, establish a sound policy implementation mechanism, strengthen supervision and accountability, and ensure that all policies and measures can take root, truly benefit the people's livelihood, and promote the smooth realization of the demographic dividend.

In general, realizing the "demographic dividend" is both a great opportunity and a difficult test for India. In the face of multiple challenges in education, employment, social security, the rural-urban gap, and policy formulation and implementation, India needs to take comprehensive measures to comprehensively deepen reform, overcome obstacles with a more open mind and pragmatic actions, and turn its population advantage into a strong driving force for sustained and healthy economic development.